STATISTICS FOR NETHERLANDS
STATISTICS FOR NETHERLANDS
GEMS/WATER - STATISTICAL SUMMARY BY STATION 2002-01-08 PAGE 477
STATION - RHINE RIVER AT GERMAN FRONTIER STATION NO. 046001
COUNTRY - NETHERLANDS DEPTH(M) 7.0
LOCATION - OCT. 3 LAT. 51/51/06 LONG. 006/06/06 ELEVATION(M) 10.5
REGIONAL CENTRE - EURA WATER TYPE RIVER
PERIOD REQUESTED FROM - 1988-01-01 TO 1990-12-31
PERIOD OF RECORD FROM - 1988-01-01 TO 1990-12-31
STATISTICS INCLUDE ALL FLAGGED DATA AS REPORTED
ELEC TEMP TRANS TOC CN
COND
02041 02061 02076 06001 06606
us/cm deg C m mg/L C mg/L Cn
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 71 73 45 37 26
MEAN 859. 14.0 0.5 6. 0.003
MINIMUM 480. 2.7 0.1 4. 0.000
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-03-23 1990-12-12 1989-04-04 1989-01-11 1988-10-19
10TH PERCENTILE 593. 7.2 0.2 4. 0.001
MEDIAN 880. 13.6 0.5 6. 0.003
90TH PERCENTILE 1045. 21.3 0.7 7. 0.004
MAXIMUM 1350. 23.8 1.1 9. 0.006
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1989-12-13 1989-08-23 1990-12-12 1988-06-29 1989-02-08
STANDARD DEVIATION 177. 5.7 0.2 1. 0.001
CHLORO A N KJEL NO3NO2 NH3 F
DISS
06711 07004 07105 07555 09105
mg/L mg/L N mg/L N mg/L N mg/L F
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 75 73 75 75 36
MEAN 0.0249 1.4 4.23 0.36 0.2
MINIMUM 0.0000 0.7 2.65 0.00 0.1
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-01-13 1990-07-11 1988-08-10 1988-09-07 1988-04-06
10TH PERCENTILE 0.0015 1.0 3.09 0.06 0.1
MEDIAN 0.0080 1.3 4.17 0.30 0.2
90TH PERCENTILE 0.0835 1.8 5.25 0.73 0.2
MAXIMUM 0.1500 2.4 6.30 1.16 0.3
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1989-05-31 1989-12-13 1990-01-24 1990-12-12 1990-01-10
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.0341 0.3 0.84 0.25 0.0
pH SUSP SOL Na Mg Si
105 DEG DISS DISS REACTIVE
10302 10401 11102 12103 14101
pH UNITS mg/L mg/L Na mg/L Mg mg/LSiO2
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 1 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 72 74 76 39 75
MEAN 7.7 38. 92. 11. 2.00
MINIMUM 7.4 1. 39. 8. 0.07
DATE OF MINIMUM 1989-12-13 1990-09-19 1988-03-23 1988-04-06 1988-05-18
10TH PERCENTILE 7.5 22. 53. 10. 0.26
MEDIAN 7.7 34. 90. 12. 2.03
90TH PERCENTILE 8.0 54. 123. 13. 3.34
MAXIMUM 8.5 130. 178. 14. 3.61
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1989-05-31 1990-02-21 1989-12-13 1989-12-13 1989-01-11
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.2 20. 27. 1. 1.12
P ORTHO P SULPHATE Cl ALDRIN
DISS TOTAL DISS
15255 15405 16303 17203 18130
mg/L P mg/L P mg/L SO4 mg/L Cl ug/L
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 4
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 74 74 13 75 14
MEAN 0.136 0.327 64. 173. 0.001
MINIMUM 0.018 0.240 47. 67. 0.000
DATE OF MINIMUM 1990-07-25 1989-01-26 1988-04-06 1988-04-06 1988-02-10
10TH PERCENTILE 0.055 0.260 47. 114. 0.000
MEDIAN 0.140 0.320 66. 174. 0.001
90TH PERCENTILE 0.208 0.416 79. 218. 0.002
MAXIMUM 0.269 0.460 89. 321. 0.004
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1988-11-30 1988-11-30 1988-11-16 1989-12-13 1990-02-07
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.055 0.057 13. 46. 0.001
DIELDRIN PCBS K Ca Cr
DISS DISS TOTAL
18150 18165 19102 20105 24002
ug/L ug/L mg/L K mg/L Ca mg/L Cr
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 12 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 6 6 77 39 39
MEAN 0.001 0.002 6.6 84.231 0.007
MINIMUM 0.000 0.000 4.1 45.000 0.004
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-02-10 1988-02-10 1988-04-06 1988-04-06 1990-11-14
10TH PERCENTILE 0.000 5.0 68.700 0.005
MEDIAN 0.001 0.002 6.6 86.000 0.006
90TH PERCENTILE 0.001 8.1 97.100 0.009
MAXIMUM 0.001 0.006 10.7 110.000 0.017
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1990-12-12 1988-04-06 1989-12-13 1989-12-13 1988-02-10
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.000 0.003 1.3 12.392 0.002
Cr Mn Fe Cu Cu
DISS TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL DISS
24052 25005 26004 29006 29105
mg/L Cr mg/L Mn mg/L Fe mg/L Cu mg/L Cu
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 39 39 77 39 39
MEAN 0.001 0.08 1.19 0.006 0.003
MINIMUM 0.000 0.04 0.58 0.001 0.000
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-04-06 1990-11-14 1990-04-04 1988-04-06 1988-04-06
10TH PERCENTILE 0.000 0.06 0.79 0.003 0.001
MEDIAN 0.001 0.07 1.01 0.006 0.003
90TH PERCENTILE 0.002 0.10 1.92 0.008 0.004
MAXIMUM 0.003 0.12 4.13 0.011 0.008
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1990-05-02 1990-05-02 1988-03-23 1990-05-02 1990-05-02
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.001 0.02 0.56 0.002 0.001
Zn Zn As As FAEC COL
TOTAL DISS TOTAL DISS
30005 30104 33007 33104 36011
MG/L ZN mg/L Zn mg/L As mg/L As No/100ml
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 1
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 37 38 39 39 37
MEAN 0.037 0.009 0.002 0.001 490.
MINIMUM 0.013 0.001 0.001 0.001 10.
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-05-03 1988-02-10 1988-01-13 1988-01-13 1990-03-07
10TH PERCENTILE 0.016 0.003 0.001 0.001 36.
MEDIAN 0.029 0.008 0.001 0.001 330.
90TH PERCENTILE 0.050 0.016 0.002 0.002 1160.
MAXIMUM 0.184 0.035 0.005 0.002 2060.
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1990-01-10 1990-05-02 1990-03-07 1988-08-24 1990-12-12
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.032 0.006 0.001 0.000 532.
Cd Cd Ba Hg Pb
TOTAL DISS TOTAL DISS TOTAL
48001 48101 80011 80111 82001
mg/L Cd mg/L Cd ug/L Hg ug/L Hg mg/L Pb
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 1 0 18 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 39 38 75 21 39
MEAN 0.000 0.000 0.052 0.009 0.005
MINIMUM 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.001
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-01-13 1988-01-13 1988-01-13 1988-01-13 1988-04-06
10TH PERCENTILE 0.000 0.000 0.020 0.000 0.002
MEDIAN 0.000 0.000 0.040 0.010 0.005
90TH PERCENTILE 0.000 0.000 0.090 0.011 0.006
MAXIMUM 0.000 0.000 0.180 0.020 0.013
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1990-12-12 1990-12-12 1988-11-16 1988-11-16 1990-05-02
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.000 0.000 0.029 0.006 0.002
Pb INST
DISS DISCHG
82101 97160
mg/L Pb m3/S
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 6 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 32 1096
MEAN 0.000 2167.4
MINIMUM 0.000 855.0
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-01-13 1989-12-10
10TH PERCENTILE 0.000 1145.0
MEDIAN 0.000 1743.5
90TH PERCENTILE 0.001 3705.8
MAXIMUM 0.001 10274.0
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1989-09-20 1988-03-30
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.000 1277.5
STATION - BOVEN MERWEDE (ARM OF RHINE) STATION NO. 046002
COUNTRY - NETHERLANDS DEPTH(M) 9999.9
LOCATION - OCT. 3 LAT. 51/49/33 LONG. 004/58/22 ELEVATION(M) 1.0
REGIONAL CENTRE - EURA WATER TYPE RIVER
PERIOD REQUESTED FROM - 1988-01-01 TO 1990-12-31
PERIOD OF RECORD FROM - 1988-01-13 TO 1990-12-12
STATISTICS INCLUDE ALL FLAGGED DATA AS REPORTED
ELEC TEMP TRANS TOC CHLORO A
COND
02041 02061 02076 06001 06711
us/cm deg C m mg/L C mg/L
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 38 37 31 18 39
MEAN 804. 13.8 0.6 6. 0.0278
MINIMUM 500. 4.7 0.0 3. 0.0010
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-04-06 1988-02-10 1989-03-08 1989-10-18 1988-01-13
10TH PERCENTILE 536. 6.1 0.3 4. 0.0020
MEDIAN 825. 14.4 0.6 6. 0.0080
90TH PERCENTILE 930. 20.9 0.8 7. 0.0822
MAXIMUM 1250. 23.3 1.0 9. 0.1300
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1989-12-13 1989-08-23 1989-09-20 1989-06-28 1989-06-28
STANDARD DEVIATION 166. 5.8 0.2 1. 0.0335
N KJEL NO3NO2 NH3 F pH
DISS
07004 07105 07555 09105 10302
mg/L N mg/L N mg/L N mg/L F pH UNITS
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 1 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 39 39 38 18 38
MEAN 1.2 4.09 0.22 0.2 7.9
MINIMUM 0.4 2.45 0.01 0.1 7.0
DATE OF MINIMUM 1989-03-08 1990-07-25 1989-06-28 1988-04-06 1990-09-19
10TH PERCENTILE 0.8 3.01 0.05 0.1 7.5
MEDIAN 1.2 4.13 0.14 0.2 7.9
90TH PERCENTILE 1.7 5.24 0.55 0.2 8.3
MAXIMUM 2.0 5.70 0.84 0.2 8.7
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1989-12-13 1990-02-07 1989-12-13 1989-01-11 1990-05-30
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.4 0.85 0.21 0.0 0.3
SUSP SOL Na Si P ORTHO P
105 DEG DISS REACTIVE DISS TOTAL
10401 11102 14101 15255 15405
mg/L mg/L Na mg/LSiO2 mg/L P mg/L P
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 38 35 39 38 39
MEAN 34. 81. 1.93 0.131 0.317
MINIMUM 7. 37. 0.02 0.029 0.220
DATE OF MINIMUM 1990-12-12 1988-04-06 1990-07-25 1990-07-25 1988-04-06
10TH PERCENTILE 18. 46. 0.09 0.061 0.250
MEDIAN 32. 78. 2.09 0.139 0.310
90TH PERCENTILE 55. 110. 3.31 0.175 0.381
MAXIMUM 79. 172. 3.89 0.224 0.540
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1988-02-10 1989-12-13 1990-02-07 1988-11-16 1989-03-08
STANDARD DEVIATION 15. 28. 1.27 0.044 0.060
SULPHATE Cl K Cr Mn
DISS DISS TOTAL TOTAL
16303 17203 19102 24002 25005
mg/L SO4 mg/L Cl mg/L K mg/L Cr mg/L Mn
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 6 39 35 18 18
MEAN 63. 151. 6.2 0.007 0.07
MINIMUM 45. 64. 4.0 0.004 0.05
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-04-06 1988-04-06 1988-04-06 1990-09-19 1988-04-06
10TH PERCENTILE 88. 4.6 0.004 0.05
MEDIAN 64. 150. 6.0 0.006 0.06
90TH PERCENTILE 205. 7.8 0.008 0.08
MAXIMUM 86. 308. 10.5 0.023 0.11
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1988-11-16 1989-12-13 1989-12-13 1988-02-10 1989-03-08
STANDARD DEVIATION 16. 47. 1.3 0.004 0.02
Fe Cu Zn As FAEC COL
TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL
26004 29006 30005 33007 36011
mg/L Fe mg/L Cu MG/L ZN mg/L As No/100ml
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 18 18 18 18 18
MEAN 1.16 0.005 0.040 0.002 353.
MINIMUM 0.68 0.001 0.018 0.001 10.
DATE OF MINIMUM 1989-12-13 1988-04-06 1989-05-01 1988-04-06 1989-08-23
10TH PERCENTILE 0.70 0.001 0.021 0.001 18.
MEDIAN 0.89 0.005 0.034 0.001 90.
90TH PERCENTILE 1.81 0.006 0.062 0.002 845.
MAXIMUM 3.09 0.008 0.098 0.004 2150.
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1988-02-10 1988-02-10 1990-09-19 1988-02-10 1990-02-07
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.60 0.002 0.022 0.001 539.
Cd Ba Pb
TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL
48001 80011 82001
mg/L Cd ug/L Hg mg/L Pb
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 1 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 18 17 18
MEAN 0.000 0.051 0.004
MINIMUM 0.000 0.000 0.001
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-02-10 1989-03-08 1988-04-06
10TH PERCENTILE 0.000 0.024 0.002
MEDIAN 0.000 0.050 0.004
90TH PERCENTILE 0.000 0.070 0.006
MAXIMUM 0.000 0.090 0.008
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1990-11-14 1988-02-10 1990-05-30
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.000 0.019 0.002
STATION - LEX (ARM OF RHINE) STATION NO. 046003
COUNTRY - NETHERLANDS DEPTH(M) 9999.9
LOCATION - OCT. 3 LAT. 51/59/54 LONG. 005/04/41 ELEVATION(M) 1.6
REGIONAL CENTRE - EURA WATER TYPE RIVER
PERIOD REQUESTED FROM - 1988-01-01 TO 1990-12-31
PERIOD OF RECORD FROM - 1988-01-13 TO 1990-12-12
STATISTICS INCLUDE ALL FLAGGED DATA AS REPORTED
ELEC TEMP TRANS TOC CHLORO A
COND
02041 02061 02076 06001 06711
us/cm deg C m mg/L C mg/L
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 37 39 31 18 39
MEAN 812. 12.9 0.9 5. 0.0121
MINIMUM 520. 4.5 0.1 4. 0.0010
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-04-06 1989-12-13 1989-07-26 1988-11-16 1990-01-10
10TH PERCENTILE 551. 5.9 0.3 4. 0.0020
MEDIAN 810. 12.0 0.9 5. 0.0080
90TH PERCENTILE 993. 20.4 1.2 6. 0.0249
MAXIMUM 1150. 22.0 1.9 7. 0.0710
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1989-12-13 1989-07-26 1989-06-28 1989-03-08 1990-05-02
STANDARD DEVIATION 156. 5.6 0.4 1. 0.0135
N KJEL NO3NO2 NH3 F pH
DISS
07004 07105 07555 09105 10302
mg/L N mg/L N mg/L N mg/L F pH UNITS
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 39 39 39 18 39
MEAN 1.1 3.99 0.27 0.2 7.8
MINIMUM 0.5 2.48 0.02 0.1 7.0
DATE OF MINIMUM 1989-03-08 1988-08-24 1989-09-20 1988-04-06 1989-12-13
10TH PERCENTILE 0.7 2.94 0.07 0.1 7.6
MEDIAN 1.0 4.01 0.21 0.2 7.8
90TH PERCENTILE 1.5 5.20 0.55 0.2 8.1
MAXIMUM 1.6 5.60 0.75 0.2 8.4
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1988-03-09 1990-02-07 1988-03-09 1989-01-11 1990-05-02
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.3 0.84 0.18 0.1 0.3
SUSP SOL Si P ORTHO P SULPHATE
105 DEG REACTIVE DISS TOTAL
10401 14101 15255 15405 16303
mg/L mg/LSiO2 mg/L P mg/L P mg/L SO4
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 1 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 37 39 39 39 7
MEAN 22. 1.83 0.141 0.273 65.
MINIMUM 1. 0.05 0.040 0.140 45.
DATE OF MINIMUM 1990-09-19 1990-07-25 1990-07-25 1990-07-25 1988-04-06
10TH PERCENTILE 3. 0.17 0.096 0.200
MEDIAN 12. 1.90 0.140 0.270 65.
90TH PERCENTILE 52. 3.37 0.183 0.340
MAXIMUM 75. 3.85 0.230 0.630 88.
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1988-02-10 1990-02-07 1988-11-16 1989-03-08 1988-11-16
STANDARD DEVIATION 21. 1.33 0.041 0.080 15.
Cl Cr Mn Fe Cu
DISS TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL
17203 24002 25005 26004 29006
mg/L Cl mg/L Cr mg/L Mn mg/L Fe mg/L Cu
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 39 17 17 17 18
MEAN 156. 0.005 0.07 0.89 0.004
MINIMUM 65. 0.001 0.03 0.16 0.001
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-04-06 1989-06-28 1990-07-25 1989-06-28 1988-04-06
10TH PERCENTILE 92. 0.002 0.03 0.22 0.001
MEDIAN 157. 0.003 0.07 0.37 0.004
90TH PERCENTILE 209. 0.011 0.10 2.41 0.005
MAXIMUM 247. 0.018 0.12 3.10 0.007
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1989-12-13 1988-02-10 1989-06-28 1988-02-10 1988-02-10
STANDARD DEVIATION 45. 0.005 0.03 0.94 0.002
Zn As FAEC COL Cd Ba
TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL
30005 33007 36011 48001 80011
MG/L ZN mg/L As No/100ml mg/L Cd ug/L Hg
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 1 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 17 17 17 17 17
MEAN 0.022 0.002 252. 0.000 0.040
MINIMUM 0.003 0.001 10. 0.000 0.010
DATE OF MINIMUM 1990-09-19 1989-01-11 1989-06-28 1988-02-10 1988-11-16
10TH PERCENTILE 0.007 0.001 10. 0.000 0.010
MEDIAN 0.018 0.002 95. 0.000 0.040
90TH PERCENTILE 0.040 0.003 580. 0.000 0.063
MAXIMUM 0.045 0.003 1580. 0.000 0.150
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1989-03-08 1989-06-28 1988-02-10 1990-11-14 1988-04-06
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.013 0.001 390. 0.000 0.034
Pb
TOTAL
82001
mg/L Pb
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 17
MEAN 0.003
MINIMUM 0.001
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-04-06
10TH PERCENTILE 0.001
MEDIAN 0.003
90TH PERCENTILE 0.005
MAXIMUM 0.008
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1989-03-08
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.002
STATION - IJSSEL (ARM OF RHINE) STATION NO. 046004
COUNTRY - NETHERLANDS DEPTH(M) 9999.9
LOCATION - OCT. 3 LAT. 52/31/12 LONG. 006/01/12 ELEVATION(M) 0.0
REGIONAL CENTRE - EURA WATER TYPE RIVER
PERIOD REQUESTED FROM - 1988-01-01 TO 1990-12-31
PERIOD OF RECORD FROM - 1988-01-13 TO 1990-12-12
STATISTICS INCLUDE ALL FLAGGED DATA AS REPORTED
ELEC TEMP TRANS TOC CHLORO A
COND
02041 02061 02076 06001 06711
us/cm deg C m mg/L C mg/L
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 37 38 34 17 38
MEAN 820. 14.1 0.6 7. 0.0217
MINIMUM 510. 5.6 0.3 4. 0.0010
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-04-06 1990-12-12 1988-02-10 1989-08-23 1989-01-11
10TH PERCENTILE 547. 6.5 0.4 4. 0.0020
MEDIAN 820. 14.6 0.6 6. 0.0065
90TH PERCENTILE 1016. 21.2 0.8 9. 0.0520
MAXIMUM 1250. 23.7 1.0 10. 0.1650
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1989-12-13 1989-07-26 1989-09-20 1989-10-18 1989-05-31
STANDARD DEVIATION 177. 5.7 0.2 2. 0.0327
N KJEL NO3NO2 NH3 F pH
DISS
07004 07105 07555 09105 10302
mg/L N mg/L N mg/L N mg/L F pH UNITS
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 39 37 37 17 38
MEAN 1.3 4.40 0.29 0.2 7.7
MINIMUM 0.6 2.75 0.04 0.1 7.0
DATE OF MINIMUM 1989-03-08 1990-07-25 1990-05-29 1988-04-06 1990-09-19
10TH PERCENTILE 0.9 3.23 0.08 0.1 7.5
MEDIAN 1.2 4.46 0.20 0.2 7.7
90TH PERCENTILE 1.7 5.56 0.70 0.2 8.0
MAXIMUM 2.2 6.20 0.88 0.2 8.3
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1989-02-08 1990-02-07 1989-02-08 1988-11-16 1990-05-29
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.4 0.91 0.22 0.0 0.2
SUSP SOL Si P ORTHO P SULPHATE
105 DEG REACTIVE DISS TOTAL
10401 14101 15255 15405 16303
mg/L mg/LSiO2 mg/L P mg/L P mg/L SO4
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 37 37 37 39 7
MEAN 34. 2.05 0.158 0.358 64.
MINIMUM 7. 0.06 0.061 0.200 46.
DATE OF MINIMUM 1990-09-19 1990-07-25 1990-07-25 1988-04-06 1988-04-06
10TH PERCENTILE 20. 0.13 0.090 0.268
MEDIAN 33. 1.91 0.160 0.350 66.
90TH PERCENTILE 53. 3.67 0.209 0.454
MAXIMUM 64. 4.03 0.238 0.600 73.
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1989-06-28 1989-01-11 1988-09-21 1989-03-08 1990-12-12
STANDARD DEVIATION 13. 1.37 0.045 0.078 11.
Cl Cr Mn Fe Cu
DISS TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL
17203 24002 25005 26004 29006
mg/L Cl mg/L Cr mg/L Mn mg/L Fe mg/L Cu
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 37 19 19 19 19
MEAN 153. 0.007 0.09 1.11 0.005
MINIMUM 59. 0.003 0.05 0.61 0.001
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-04-06 1990-09-19 1988-04-06 1989-08-23 1988-04-06
10TH PERCENTILE 86. 0.004 0.06 0.62 0.001
MEDIAN 147. 0.007 0.08 1.00 0.005
90TH PERCENTILE 205. 0.010 0.14 1.53 0.008
MAXIMUM 288. 0.014 0.21 1.85 0.009
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1989-12-13 1989-06-28 1989-06-28 1989-06-28 1989-06-28
STANDARD DEVIATION 51. 0.002 0.04 0.38 0.002
Zn As FAEC COL Cd Ba
TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL
30005 33007 36011 48001 80011
MG/L ZN mg/L As No/100ml mg/L Cd ug/L Hg
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 2 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 19 19 39 19 19
MEAN 0.030 0.002 149. 0.000 0.055
MINIMUM 0.015 0.001 10. 0.000 0.020
DATE OF MINIMUM 1990-09-19 1988-02-10 1988-08-10 1988-02-10 1988-02-10
10TH PERCENTILE 0.018 0.001 10. 0.000 0.020
MEDIAN 0.026 0.002 50. 0.000 0.050
90TH PERCENTILE 0.049 0.002 388. 0.000 0.110
MAXIMUM 0.063 0.003 1150. 0.000 0.120
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1989-06-28 1990-09-19 1989-03-08 1990-11-14 1990-07-25
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.012 0.001 246. 0.000 0.030
Pb
TOTAL
82001
mg/L Pb
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 19
MEAN 0.004
MINIMUM 0.001
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-04-06
10TH PERCENTILE 0.002
MEDIAN 0.005
90TH PERCENTILE 0.006
MAXIMUM 0.009
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1989-06-28
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.002
STATION - MAAS RIVER AT BELGIAN FRONTIER STATION NO. 046005
COUNTRY - NETHERLANDS DEPTH(M) 5.5
LOCATION - OCT. 3 LAT. 50/46/12 LONG. 005/40/48 ELEVATION(M) 44.0
REGIONAL CENTRE - EURA WATER TYPE RIVER
PERIOD REQUESTED FROM - 1988-01-01 TO 1990-12-31
PERIOD OF RECORD FROM - 1988-01-01 TO 1990-12-31
STATISTICS INCLUDE ALL FLAGGED DATA AS REPORTED
ELEC TEMP TRANS TOC CN
COND
02041 02061 02076 06001 06606
us/cm deg C m mg/L C mg/L Cn
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 1
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 72 71 1 38 27
MEAN 525. 15.3 0.3 6. 0.003
MINIMUM 260. 4.8 3. 0.000
DATE OF MINIMUM 1989-03-07 1989-03-21 1988-04-05 1989-08-22
10TH PERCENTILE 320. 7.8 4. 0.001
MEDIAN 510. 16.8 5. 0.003
90TH PERCENTILE 740. 22.0 8. 0.006
MAXIMUM 1100. 24.4 9. 0.012
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1990-06-12 1989-07-11 1988-03-08 1988-11-15
STANDARD DEVIATION 170. 5.6 2. 0.003
CHLORO A N KJEL NO3NO2 NH3 F
DISS
06711 07004 07105 07555 09105
mg/L mg/L N mg/L N mg/L N mg/L F
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 74 76 76 75 38
MEAN 0.0225 1.4 2.79 0.48 0.8
MINIMUM 0.0000 0.5 1.43 0.05 0.2
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-02-09 1988-04-05 1990-08-07 1989-05-02 1988-01-12
10TH PERCENTILE 0.0030 0.8 2.01 0.15 0.2
MEDIAN 0.0140 1.4 2.82 0.40 0.6
90TH PERCENTILE 0.0506 2.0 3.49 0.88 1.7
MAXIMUM 0.0930 2.8 4.08 1.63 2.6
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1990-04-03 1990-10-16 1989-12-27 1990-10-16 1989-07-25
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.0226 0.5 0.59 0.34 0.6
pH SUSP SOL Na Mg Si
105 DEG DISS DISS REACTIVE
10302 10401 11102 12103 14101
pH UNITS mg/L mg/L Na mg/L Mg mg/LSiO2
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 69 76 79 78 75
MEAN 7.6 26. 30. 7. 2.50
MINIMUM 7.1 0. 11. 4. 0.07
DATE OF MINIMUM 1990-05-15 1989-07-25 1989-03-07 1988-04-05 1990-05-02
10TH PERCENTILE 7.3 4. 14. 5. 1.05
MEDIAN 7.6 14. 28. 7. 2.64
90TH PERCENTILE 7.8 50. 51. 9. 3.55
MAXIMUM 8.3 282. 71. 11. 4.64
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1990-04-03 1988-01-26 1990-10-02 1989-09-05 1989-11-14
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.2 43. 14. 2. 0.98
P ORTHO P SULPHATE Cl ALDRIN
DISS TOTAL DISS
15255 15405 16303 17203 18130
mg/L P mg/L P mg/L SO4 mg/L Cl ug/L
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 73 76 50 76 6
MEAN 0.346 0.521 45. 59. 0.000
MINIMUM 0.056 0.140 24. 16. 0.000
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-03-22 1988-04-05 1989-03-07 1990-03-06 1988-02-09
10TH PERCENTILE 0.085 0.230 26. 24.
MEDIAN 0.284 0.470 44. 52. 0.000
90TH PERCENTILE 0.724 0.884 61. 112.
MAXIMUM 1.200 1.440 71. 171. 0.000
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1988-05-31 1988-05-31 1989-05-30 1989-09-05 1988-11-15
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.244 0.256 13. 35. 0.000
DIELDRIN PCBS K Ca Cr
DISS DISS TOTAL
18150 18165 19102 20105 24002
ug/L ug/L mg/L K mg/L Ca mg/L Cr
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 6 6 78 78 39
MEAN 0.000 0.002 3.7 76.513 0.006
MINIMUM 0.000 0.000 2.2 43.000 0.002
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-02-09 1988-05-31 1988-03-22 1988-03-22 1988-06-28
10TH PERCENTILE 2.5 55.800 0.002
MEDIAN 0.000 0.001 3.5 77.000 0.004
90TH PERCENTILE 5.0 100.000 0.011
MAXIMUM 0.000 0.005 5.7 120.000 0.026
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1988-11-15 1988-04-05 1990-10-02 1990-08-29 1988-03-08
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.000 0.002 0.9 17.127 0.005
Cr Mn Fe Cu Cu
DISS TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL DISS
24052 25005 26004 29006 29105
mg/L Cr mg/L Mn mg/L Fe mg/L Cu mg/L Cu
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 39 78 77 39 39
MEAN 0.002 0.08 1.00 0.005 0.002
MINIMUM 0.000 0.00 0.14 0.001 0.001
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-04-05 1990-05-15 1989-08-22 1988-04-05 1988-02-09
10TH PERCENTILE 0.001 0.05 0.25 0.002 0.001
MEDIAN 0.001 0.08 0.64 0.004 0.002
90TH PERCENTILE 0.002 0.11 1.89 0.007 0.003
MAXIMUM 0.013 0.30 9.82 0.013 0.004
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1990-04-03 1988-01-26 1988-01-26 1988-03-08 1989-04-04
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.003 0.04 1.36 0.003 0.001
Zn Zn As As FAEC COL
TOTAL DISS TOTAL DISS
30005 30104 33007 33104 36011
MG/L ZN mg/L Zn mg/L As mg/L As No/100ml
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 1
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 77 39 39 39 36
MEAN 0.066 0.025 0.002 0.002 2002.
MINIMUM 0.013 0.004 0.001 0.000 10.
DATE OF MINIMUM 1989-10-03 1988-03-08 1988-01-12 1988-12-13 1989-02-08
10TH PERCENTILE 0.024 0.006 0.001 0.001 96.
MEDIAN 0.056 0.012 0.002 0.002 1430.
90TH PERCENTILE 0.107 0.032 0.004 0.004 4241.
MAXIMUM 0.400 0.380 0.007 0.006 10400.
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1989-12-12 1989-12-12 1988-03-08 1990-10-16 1988-03-08
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.055 0.059 0.002 0.001 2418.
Cd Cd Ba Hg Pb
TOTAL DISS TOTAL DISS TOTAL
48001 48101 80011 80111 82001
mg/L Cd mg/L Cd ug/L Hg ug/L Hg mg/L Pb
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 19 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 39 39 39 20 39
MEAN 0.001 0.000 0.052 0.009 0.006
MINIMUM 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.001
DATE OF MINIMUM 1989-02-08 1988-01-12 1989-08-22 1988-03-08 1988-04-05
10TH PERCENTILE 0.000 0.000 0.019 0.000 0.002
MEDIAN 0.001 0.000 0.040 0.010 0.005
90TH PERCENTILE 0.002 0.000 0.112 0.010 0.011
MAXIMUM 0.008 0.003 0.180 0.020 0.021
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1988-09-20 1988-09-20 1988-05-03 1990-06-26 1988-03-08
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.002 0.001 0.041 0.005 0.004
Pb INST
DISS DISCHG
82101 97160
mg/L Pb m3/S
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 4 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 35 1096
MEAN 0.000 263.3
MINIMUM 0.000 16.0
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-01-12 1990-08-10
10TH PERCENTILE 0.000 40.0
MEDIAN 0.000 148.5
90TH PERCENTILE 0.001 695.4
MAXIMUM 0.002 1861.0
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1990-08-29 1988-03-16
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.001 290.4
STATION - IJSSELMEER STATION NO. 046006
COUNTRY - NETHERLANDS DEPTH(M) 3.5
LOCATION - OCT. 3 LAT. 52/43/48 LONG. 005/18/00 ELEVATION(M) 0.0
REGIONAL CENTRE - EURA WATER TYPE LAKE
PERIOD REQUESTED FROM - 1988-01-01 TO 1990-12-31
PERIOD OF RECORD FROM - 1988-01-13 TO 1990-12-18
STATISTICS INCLUDE ALL FLAGGED DATA AS REPORTED
ELEC TEMP TRANS TOC CN
COND
02041 02061 02076 06001 06606
us/cm deg C m mg/L C mg/L Cn
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 6
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 69 75 73 34 19
MEAN 850. 11.6 0.6 11. 0.001
MINIMUM 560. 2.3 0.2 7. 0.000
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-05-02 1989-12-12 1990-03-06 1988-04-18 1988-01-27
10TH PERCENTILE 658. 4.7 0.3 7. 0.000
MEDIAN 840. 11.6 0.5 11. 0.001
90TH PERCENTILE 1050. 18.6 1.0 15. 0.002
MAXIMUM 1250. 20.5 2.0 18. 0.003
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1990-08-21 1989-07-10 1989-03-22 1989-03-22 1988-12-29
STANDARD DEVIATION 149. 5.6 0.3 3. 0.001
CHLORO A N KJEL NO3NO2 NH3 F
DISS
06711 07004 07105 07555 09105
mg/L mg/L N mg/L N mg/L N mg/L F
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 4 9 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 68 71 68 63 35
MEAN 0.0906 2.1 1.88 0.07 0.2
MINIMUM 0.0130 1.1 0.00 0.00 0.1
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-01-27 1988-04-06 1988-09-22 1988-03-23 1988-01-27
10TH PERCENTILE 0.0278 1.3 0.01 0.01 0.1
MEDIAN 0.0785 2.1 1.63 0.04 0.2
90TH PERCENTILE 0.1660 2.9 4.01 0.17 0.2
MAXIMUM 0.2300 3.9 5.44 0.74 0.2
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1989-04-04 1989-04-04 1988-01-27 1989-03-22 1988-12-29
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.0530 0.6 1.62 0.10 0.0
pH SUSP SOL Na Mg Si
105 DEG DISS DISS REACTIVE
10302 10401 11102 12103 14101
pH UNITS mg/L mg/L Na mg/L Mg mg/LSiO2
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 73 71 68 34 72
MEAN 8.7 34. 116. 14. 0.64
MINIMUM 7.7 3. 41. 10. 0.01
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-05-02 1990-09-05 1988-05-02 1988-09-07 1990-04-03
10TH PERCENTILE 8.1 11. 60. 11. 0.08
MEDIAN 8.7 28. 91. 13. 0.32
90TH PERCENTILE 9.2 55. 149. 17. 1.50
MAXIMUM 9.9 172. 665. 21. 4.13
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1989-09-05 1989-04-04 1989-11-28 1989-10-03 1988-01-27
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.4 29. 101. 3. 0.86
P ORTHO P SULPHATE Cl ALDRIN
DISS TOTAL DISS
15255 15405 16303 17203 18130
mg/L P mg/L P mg/L SO4 mg/L Cl ug/L
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 1 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 70 71 34 72 5
MEAN 0.041 0.202 82. 181. 0.000
MINIMUM 0.000 0.050 62. 63. 0.000
DATE OF MINIMUM 1989-09-19 1988-05-02 1988-07-13 1988-05-02 1988-03-23
10TH PERCENTILE 0.003 0.100 65. 118.
MEDIAN 0.027 0.170 82. 168. 0.000
90TH PERCENTILE 0.106 0.280 94. 246.
MAXIMUM 0.248 1.230 99. 300. 0.000
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1988-12-02 1988-01-27 1990-04-17 1990-09-18 1988-11-02
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.045 0.149 11. 53. 0.000
DIELDRIN PCBS K Ca Cr
DISS DISS TOTAL
18150 18165 19102 20105 24002
ug/L ug/L mg/L K mg/L Ca mg/L Cr
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 6 6 68 34 34
MEAN 0.000 0.001 8.2 70.912 0.003
MINIMUM 0.000 0.000 5.9 48.000 0.001
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-01-27 1988-05-18 1988-05-02 1990-08-08 1988-07-13
10TH PERCENTILE 6.7 54.400 0.001
MEDIAN 0.000 0.002 8.2 70.000 0.002
90TH PERCENTILE 9.2 86.600 0.006
MAXIMUM 0.000 0.003 11.0 97.000 0.010
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1988-11-02 1988-11-02 1990-08-21 1989-03-22 1988-02-24
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.000 0.001 1.1 12.580 0.002
Cr Mn Fe Cu Cu
DISS TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL DISS
24052 25005 26004 29006 29105
mg/L Cr mg/L Mn mg/L Fe mg/L Cu mg/L Cu
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 1 1 0 1 1
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 33 33 34 33 33
MEAN 0.000 0.04 0.42 0.003 0.002
MINIMUM 0.000 0.01 0.05 0.000 0.000
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-07-13 1989-03-22 1989-08-08 1988-09-07 1988-07-13
10TH PERCENTILE 0.000 0.01 0.10 0.001 0.000
MEDIAN 0.000 0.04 0.34 0.003 0.002
90TH PERCENTILE 0.001 0.08 0.88 0.005 0.003
MAXIMUM 0.001 0.12 1.50 0.010 0.008
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1988-05-18 1988-10-05 1990-02-20 1989-04-18 1989-04-18
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.000 0.03 0.34 0.002 0.001
Zn Zn As As FAEC COL
TOTAL DISS TOTAL DISS
30005 30104 33007 33104 36011
MG/L ZN mg/L Zn mg/L As mg/L As No/100ml
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 1 3 0 0 22
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 32 29 34 33 28
MEAN 0.016 0.003 0.001 0.001 42.
MINIMUM 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.
DATE OF MINIMUM 1989-10-03 1988-02-24 1988-01-27 1988-01-27 1988-03-09
10TH PERCENTILE 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.
MEDIAN 0.009 0.002 0.001 0.001 10.
90TH PERCENTILE 0.038 0.005 0.002 0.001 10.
MAXIMUM 0.084 0.016 0.003 0.002 1600.
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1988-03-23 1990-01-24 1990-06-12 1990-06-12 1990-10-30
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.019 0.003 0.001 0.000 225.
Cd Cd Ba Hg Pb
TOTAL DISS TOTAL DISS TOTAL
48001 48101 80011 80111 82001
mg/L Cd mg/L Cd ug/L Hg ug/L Hg mg/L Pb
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 0 3 1 16 1
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0 0 0 0 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 34 31 33 18 33
MEAN 0.000 0.000 0.026 0.009 0.002
MINIMUM 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.000
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-01-27 1988-01-27 1988-11-02 1988-07-13 1988-07-13
10TH PERCENTILE 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.000
MEDIAN 0.000 0.000 0.030 0.010 0.002
90TH PERCENTILE 0.000 0.000 0.046 0.010 0.004
MAXIMUM 0.000 0.000 0.070 0.020 0.007
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1990-12-18 1990-12-18 1990-02-20 1988-10-05 1989-03-22
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.000 0.000 0.016 0.004 0.002
Pb
DISS
82101
mg/L Pb
NO. OF L-FLAGGED VALUES 10
NO. OF G-FLAGGED VALUES 0
NO. OF UNFLAGGED VALUES 24
MEAN 0.000
MINIMUM 0.000
DATE OF MINIMUM 1988-01-27
10TH PERCENTILE 0.000
MEDIAN 0.000
90TH PERCENTILE 0.001
MAXIMUM 0.001
DATE OF MAXIMUM 1990-01-24
STANDARD DEVIATION 0.000
GEMS/WATER
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Last updated: 2001-07-30